Laboratory Preparation & Qualitative Analysis of Carbon Dioxide (CO2)

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Main Preparation Chemical Equation

CaCO₃ (s) + 2HCl (aq) → CaCl₂ (aq) + H₂O (l) + CO₂ (g) ↑

Dilute hydrochloric acid reacts with calcium carbonate (marble chips) producing calcium chloride, water, and rapid effervescence of carbon dioxide gas.

Laboratory Workspace

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Select glass apparatus, reagents, and collection jar from the menu on the left to begin setup.

CO₂ Qualitative Gas Testing Suite

Select predicted observations to test the collected gas

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1. Moist Litmus Paper Test

Introduce moist blue and red litmus paper into the CO₂ gas jar.

2. Burning Matchstick Test

Lower a burning matchstick/splint into the open CO₂ gas jar.

3. Burning Magnesium (Mg) Ribbon

Lower an igniting Mg ribbon inside the jar of CO₂ gas.

4. Lime Water Test (Short Duration)

Bubble CO₂ through clear lime water solution for a short time.

5. Lime Water Test (Excess CO₂ / Long Duration)

Pass excess CO₂ gas continuously into the already milky lime water solution.

Chemistry Principles & Reaction Summary

Lime Water Test Chemical Process:

CO₂ + Ca(OH)₂ → CaCO₃↓ (Milky) + H₂O

CaCO₃ + H₂O + CO₂ → Ca(HCO₃)₂ (Soluble/Clear)

Magnesium Combustion in CO₂:

2Mg + CO₂ → 2MgO (White Powder) + C (Black Specks)

Heat from burning Mg breaks CO₂ bonds into Oxygen (which sustains burning) and Carbon.